A INDEVIDA CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DA MORALIDADE:O CRIME DE CASA DE PROSTITUIÇÃO SOB O PRISMA DO PATERNALISMO PENAL.

Ontologies have been successfully used to assign semantics in the Semantic Web context, to support integration of data from different systems or different sources, and to enable reasoning. However, building ontologies is not a trivial task. Ontology reuse can help in this matter. The search and selection of ontologies to be reused should consider the alignment between their scope and the scope of the ontology being developed. In this paper, we discuss how goal modeling can be helpful in this context (...) and we present GO-FOR, a framework in which goals are the central elements to promote ontology reuse. GO-FOR comprises a conceptual architecture, a goal-oriented ontology development process and a supporting tool. In GO-FOR we introduce Goal-Oriented Ontology Patterns as a new type of pattern to be applied to develop ontologies in a goal-oriented approach. Results of the use of GO-FOR to build an ontology used to integrate patient examination data are also shown in this paper. (shrink)

Based on a mixed-methods study involving triad tasks and ethnobiological models, we analyze local categories and knowledge of key ethnospecies of fish exploring partial overlaps between artisanal fishers’ and academic knowledge in a fishing community in northeast Brazil. We argue that fishers’ and academic knowledge overlaps may provide common ground for transdisciplinary collaboration, while their partiality requires reflection on epistemological and ontological differences. Here, we show how knowledge of artisanal fishers can complement academic knowledge and bring about tensions that need (...) to be addressed through intercultural dialogue. By integrating a general philosophical framework of partial overlaps with a mixed-methods study on fishers’ knowledge, we show how ethnobiology can contribute to reflective and empirically-grounded transdisciplinary practices. (shrink)

ResumoNo presente artigo procura-se oferecer uma análise e avaliação críticas da posição de João Duns Scotus (ca. 1265 – 1308) a respeito do problema dos universais. Para tanto, é levada a cabo primeiramente uma breve exposição dos argumentos e conceitos centrais dos quais ele se utiliza para defender seu realismo. Em seguida, algumas críticas à posição de Scotus, em especial o cerne da que devemos a Guilherme de Ockham (ca. 1287 – 1347), são apresentadas em detalhes e então respondidas.Palavras-chave: Scotus, (...) Ockham, escolástica, universais, realismo, nominalismo.AbstractThe current paper aims to offer an analysis and evaluation of John Duns Scotus’ (ca. 1265 – 1308) position regarding the problem of universals. In order to do so, a brief exposition of the central arguments and concepts he employs to defend his realism is first carried out. Some criticisms of Scotus’ position, especially the core of the one we owe to William of Ockham (ca. 1287 – 1347), are then presented in detail and answered. (shrink)

Política y perdón / Jacques Derrida / - Hacia una cultura del perdón / Christian Schumacher / - La práctica del perdón en el judaísmo, el cristianismo y el Islam / - Alfredo Goldsmith / - La cultura del perdón como factor de construcción social / Oscar Lara Melo / - Venganza y transformación. Notas para una antropología de la venganza / Roberto Pinesa Camacho / - Venganza y cultura en Bogotá / Arturo Laguado / - El perdón jurídico a (...) la luz de la constitución colombiana y del derecho internacional / Marco Gerardo Monroy Cabra / - El perdón entre razón y no razón / Darío Botero / - La ética del perdón / Camila de Gamboa / - La obligación moral de recordar / Pablo de Greiff / - Perdón y proceso de reconciliación / Jorge Orlando Melo / - Castigo, perdón y reconciliación : el caso de Sudáfrica / David Crocker / - Una opinión pública sólida para la reconciliación y la reconstrucción nacional / Fabio López de la Roche / - Proceso de paz y construcción de región / Francisco de Roux / - Lo públ... (shrink)

Montaigne, no "De l'art de conferer", discute critérios que permitem distinguir os homens segundo suas capacidades (suffisances). A "maneira" de discursar ocupa o centro desta questão e entre suas qualidades se destaca a "ordem", que nos é apresentada, sobretudo, a partir dos desvios da "tolice" (sottise) e "obstinação" (opiniastreté), símbolos do dogmatismo e de uma errônea lide com os saberes que se apoiam na memória. Procura-se mostrar que a ordem se funda na assimilação e penetração do julgamento nas matérias que (...) garantem o nexo necessário para o desenvolvimento adequado da conversação (conference). Montaigne, in "De l'art de conferer", discusses the criteria to distinguish men according to their capabilities (suffisances). The "manner" of discussing is central to this issue and among its qualities "order" distinguishes itself. The "order" is presented to us by the exposition of its deviations: foolishness ("sottise") and obstinacy ("opiniastreté"). These inadequacies represent both dogmatism and an erroneous way of using knowledge based on memory. We intend to show how order is founded on a kind of judgment which assimilates and penetrates matters and subjects - being it the only way to assure the necessary connection to adequately develop the conversation ("conference"). (shrink)

La identificación de Granada con el icono del fruto del granado en los atlas náuticos de al-Šarafī alimenta una imagen evocadora del reino nazarí, a la vez que solidaria con los exiliados moriscos en el contexto de la defensa turco-otomana del Islam en el Mediterráneo. Tanto la imagen de Granada como de la Sierra de Segura en la cartografía náutica mediterránea plantea interesantes cuestiones de tipo conceptual y estilístico pero, sobre todo, documenta la interacción entre las tradiciones magrebí-andalusí y mallorquina. (...) La carta de al-Mursī se presenta aquí como testimonio de ello. (shrink)

A general consensus has been reached in health care organizations that the disclosure of medical errors can be a very powerful way to improve patients and physicians well-being and serves as a core component to high quality health care. This practice strongly encourages transparent communication with patients after medical errors or unanticipated outcomes. However, many countries, such as Brazil, do not have a culture of disclosing harmful errors to patients or standards emphasizing the importance of disclosing, taking responsibility, apologizing, and (...) discussing the prevention of recurrences. Medical error is not discussed or approached during medical school. The stigma of error has a strong connection with value judgments, and emotional support for physicians does not exist. This paper suggests that open communication with the patient is essential. Guidance about error disclosure from health care organizations would be helpful for quality and patient safety and for health care professionals in countries like Brazil. (shrink)

A general consensus has been reached in health care organizations that the disclosure of medical errors can be a very powerful way to improve patients and physicians well-being and serves as a core component to high quality health care. This practice strongly encourages transparent communication with patients after medical errors or unanticipated outcomes. However, many countries, such as Brazil, do not have a culture of disclosing harmful errors to patients or standards emphasizing the importance of disclosing, taking responsibility, apologizing, and (...) discussing the prevention of recurrences. Medical error is not discussed or approached during medical school. The stigma of error has a strong connection with value judgments, and emotional support for physicians does not exist. This paper suggests that open communication with the patient is essential. Guidance about error disclosure from health care organizations would be helpful for quality and patient safety and for health care professionals in countries like Brazil. (shrink)

A country‘s development is bound to be influenced by external occurrences. This article analyses two astronomical examples in which Portuguese nationals used high visibility events in the international scientific community to press their own scientific interests upon the government, whether these interests were, or were not, directly linked to the events themselves.During the 1840s and 1850s the parallax, i.e. the distance, of Groombridge’s star 1830 was hotly debated. The astronomer Hervé Faye‘s suggestion at the Académie des Sciences de Paris that (...) observations be made in Lisbon due to its privileged location and the inadequacy of the Lisbon Navy Observatory to perform them rekindled the efforts to improve the Portuguese Navy observatory.In the 1850s and 1860s other Portuguese higher education institutions also wanted to upgrade their facilities or build new ones. Following accepted traditions, scientific field trips were considered a useful part of the acquisition planning for larger instruments, and therefore an important part of regeneration and renewal projects. The Portuguese scientists were, however, limited in their travels by government imposed budget constraints. The total solar eclipse of 18 July 1860 provided an extra argument to send Portuguese scientists abroad. The government support of the eclipse expedition led to an opportunity to travel through other countries and view their observatories and equipment.In the end, neither the Navy astronomers nor those from the Coimbra Astronomical observatory, the other significant site of Portuguese astronomical research, managed to fulfil their objectives, but the contacts initiated by some of the Portuguese travellers were important for the development of the Portuguese national Meteorological and Magnetic Observatories. (shrink)

Desde os anos 1960, muitos educadores populares atuaram no Brasil com “objetivos políticos”, buscando construir uma hegemonia popular alcançada “antes de conquistar o poder governamental”. Pretende-se pesquisar a contribuição dessa síntese fecunda entre educação e política nos movimentos populares para o declínio do regime autoritário e para o fortalecimento de um projeto popular de democracia, que disputou a hegemonia política nos anos 1978-1989, bem como analisar os desdobramentos, limites e possibilidades atuais desse projeto, através da consulta a documentos e fontes (...) bibliográficas, além de entrevistas. (shrink)

A pesquisa desenvolve o tema das agências reguladoras que são órgãos públicos submetidos a um regime jurídico especial. Este indica a independência de sua composição e de atuação como condição de legalidade e de legitimidade. Aponta-se o fenômeno da captura, que poderá ocorrer naqueles dois momentos, como sendo uma forma de corrupção a desestabilizar o modelo das agências implementado no Brasil a partir de 1997. O percurso dos estudos considera método qualitativo a partir da doutrina e da legislação em vigor.

Multiple-conclusion Hilbert-style systems allow us to finitely axiomatize every logic defined by a finite matrix. Having obtained such axiomatizations for Paraconsistent Weak Kleene and Bochvar–Kleene logics, we modify them by replacing the multiple-conclusion rules with carefully selected single-conclusion ones. In this way we manage to introduce the first finite Hilbert-style single-conclusion axiomatizations for these logics.

Named entity recognition (NER) is a very relevant task for text information retrieval in natural language processing (NLP) problems. Most recent state-of-the-art NER methods require humans to annotate and provide useful data for model training. However, using human power to identify, circumscribe and label entities manually can be very expensive in terms of time, money, and effort. This paper investigates the use of prompt-based language models (OpenAI’s GPT-3) and weak supervision in the legal domain. We apply both strategies as alternative (...) approaches to the traditional human-based annotation method, relying on computer power instead human effort for labeling, and subsequently compare model performance between computer and human-generated data. We also introduce combinations of all three mentioned methods (prompt-based, weak supervision, and human annotation), aiming to find ways to maintain high model efficiency and low annotation costs. We showed that, despite human labeling still maintaining better overall performance results, the alternative strategies and their combinations presented themselves as valid options, displaying positive results and similar model scores at lower costs. Final results demonstrate preservation of human-trained models scores averaging 74.0% for GPT-3, 95.6% for weak supervision, 90.7% for GPT + weak supervision combination, and 83.9% for GPT + 30% human-labeling combination. (shrink)

Este artigo busca mapear as diferenças e transformações que marcam a trajetória da noção leibniziana de substância ao longo dos quase trinta anos que separam suas primeiras e últimas sínteses de ar sistemático; percurso que vai do _Discurso de Metafísica_ à _Monadologia_ e aos _Princípios da Natureza e da Graça _. Poderemos, deste modo, fornecer um quadro de mecanismos conceituais e doutrinários que nos permita melhor compreender o estatuto coesivo de sua obra filosófica, donde encontraremos uma noção ampla mas singular (...) de substância que se define, sobretudo, pela articulação reversiva entre unidade e ação. (shrink)

RESUMO O artigo examina algumas influências teóricas de Freud para recuperar os valores epistemológicos que subjazem à composição de sua concepção de ciência da natureza. Se, por um lado, Freud teve acesso ao pensamento de autores específicos que participaram efetivamente dos caminhos percorridos pela psicologia em sua reivindicação de uma identidade científica, por meio de entrelaçamentos com a física e a fisiologia, por outro lado, ele também teve contato com certos filósofos que lhe permitiram uma aproximação a alguns defensores da (...) cientificidade da psicologia que não abandonam o naturalismo, nem recorrem ao solo fisiológico. Nossa avaliação histórica constituiu-se como uma defesa de que Freud sofreu diversas influências no tocante ao status da psicologia no campo das ciências da natureza. A pluralidade dessas influências evoca uma necessidade de abertura para a avaliação do modo pelo qual podemos colocar em perspectiva a epistemologia e a concepção do naturalismo de Freud. ABSTRACT This article examines some of the theoretical outlooks Freud used to acquire the epistemological values that underlie the foundation of his notion of natural science. On the one hand Freud was familiar with the ideas of specific authors, who had made major contributions that support of psychology's status as a science by appealing to physics and physiology. On the other hand, his contact with certain philosophers allowed him to use their defenses of psychology's scientific status without abandoning naturalism and without recourse to physiology. Our historical evaluation of these struggles supports that Freud was affected by various points of view concerning psychology's standing within the natural sciences. Owing to the diverse influences on Freud, we need to figure out how we can put his epistemology and his concept of naturalism into perspective. (shrink)

Trata-se de uma tentativa de atualização das premissas da teoria da identidade narrativa de Paul Ricoeur diante do desafio lançado pelo presentismo tal como concebido por François Hartog. Nessa direção, em um primeiro momento serão apresentados elementos que enfatizam a presença da influência da teoria agostiniana do tríplice presente na noção ricoeuriana de experiência viva bem como na teoria da história de Reinhart Koselleck e no existencialismo sartreano. Em um segundo momento, será avaliada a possibilidade de equacionar a experiência viva (...) do tríplice presente e a teoria da identidade narrativa. No terceiro momento, serão apresentadas algumas pistas para um novo modelo de identidade narrativa em sintonia com os desafios lançados pelo presentismo. (shrink)

In this paper, I discuss which semantic theory moral subjectivists should adopt. Moral subjectivism is understood broadly to include all theories according to which moral sentences are truth-apt, at least sometimes true, and made true by the mental attitudes of certain relevant agent or set of agents. Due to the breadth of this definition, an initial concern is whether a unified semantic approach is able to accommodate all varieties of subjectivism. I argue that it is. I then proceed to analyse (...) the main semantic theories for moral sentences as they apply to the standard issue of moral disagreements. I conclude in favour of so-called Non-Indexical Contextualism. (shrink)

According to a tradition going back to Socrates, one should thoroughly examine the grounds of one’s judgments before settling on what one has reason to do or believe. According to contemporary metaethical constructivism, assumed in this essay, reflective scrutiny is also central to assessing a judgment’s claim to justification. This essay argues against the injunctions to thoroughly examine oneself and seek ultimate reasons for one’s normative judgments. In other words, the essay argues against the ideal of the philosophical way of (...) life. It shows that in most cases one does not have reason to question the practical conclusion of one’s initial deliberation. It is only under very limited conditions, specified in the essay, that one is justified in engaging in further reflection. Furthermore, the essay argues that if one does go for full self-examination, the consequences are most likely to be bad for oneself, given one’s practical interests. (shrink)

. Modern science is one form of knowledge, demarcated by its time (modernity) and by other “knowledges.” There is a fair amount of clarity as to what does not count as scientific, but there is a twilight zone of knowledges whose scientific status is ambivalent. In this zone the encounter between science and religion takes place. The particular contribution of religion and theology in this encounter is to call for an ethics of knowledge in the epistemological endeavors of science.

This present research seeks to introduce to some of the recent developments in analytical philosophy of religion. Thus, the revival of philosophical theism in scholarly debates in the analytic philosophy ocurring since the 60' will be looked at. As a byproduct of this revival, natural theology makes a comeback with its traditional arguments for the existence of God. We discuss this in light of the controversy on same subject involving theologians Karl Barth and Emil Brunner.

O modelo escolar moderno que foi universalizado durante o século XX, mostrou-se incapacitado de responder todas as demandas sociais que lhe foram impostas. Dessa forma, durante a segunda metade deste século a crise do sistema de ensino formal deu abertura a diversos debates sobre questões que permeiam a ação de educar, como os espaços, os atores e porque não sobre próprio conceito: o que é educar? Sendo assim, neste artigo trago reflexões sobre a educação formal, dentre outras formas, analisando o (...) contexto da educação no Brasil e em Cabo Verde, para compreender de que maneira determinados atores sociais, como os rappers, podem contribuir para a construção de uma educação emancipadora. (shrink)

According to a tradition going back to Socrates, one should thoroughly examine the grounds of one’s judgments before settling on what one has reason to do or believe. According to contemporary metaethical constructivism, assumed in this essay, reflective scrutiny is also central to assessing a judgment’s claim to justification. This essay argues against the injunctions to thoroughly examine oneself and seek ultimate reasons for one’s normative judgments. In other words, the essay argues against the ideal of the philosophical way of (...) life. It shows that in most cases one does not have reason to question the practical conclusion of one’s initial deliberation. It is only under very limited conditions, specified in the essay, that one is justified in engaging in further reflection. Furthermore, the essay argues that if one does go for full self‐examination, the consequences are most likely to be bad for oneself, given one’s practical interests. (shrink)

Em 2012, Alexandre Marques Cabral levantou uma crítica à Psicologia clínica e à psicoterapia. Retomando a discussão de Foucault sobre a confissão, Cabral desdobrou a narrativa de que a Psicologia clínica seria uma herdeira direta do dispositivo confessional católico-cristão, configurando-se, portanto, como uma prática de controle e docilização dos corpos e existências. Em 2014, Ana Maria Lopez Calvo de Feijoo respondeu à crítica de Cabral, argumentando que a Psicologia fenomenológico-existencial é capaz de superar as críticas levantadas por Foucault, pois não (...) se pauta na noção de confissão, já que não qualquer ideia de interioridade ou subjetividade. Nesse artigo, pretendemos retomar essa discussão centrando na polissemia do termo confissão, deslocando o debate para caminhos até então não trilhados. Nosso argumento é de que é possível pensar a confissão de maneira diferenciada a partir do pensamento de Soren Kierkegaard, que concebe a confissão como uma relação imediata consigo mesmo, estabelecida a partir da possibilidade de um diálogo interior. (shrink)

This is a theological response to two programmatic essays, “Science and the Future of Theology: Critical Issues,” by Arthur Peacocke and “What Game is Being Played? The Need for Clarity about theRelationship between Scientific and Theological Understanding,” by David A. Pailin. It argues that the two authors, well informed by the recent developments in science, are reduplicating some methodological and epistemological trends common to nineteenth‐century theology. The feasibility of their project should, therefore, be examined on whether they succeed in answering (...) the questions posed to the liberal project that dominated theological and philosophical scholarship in the last century. They are found to be wanting in their inadequate response to three considerations: (1) the persistence of particular manifestations of religion and theology's enduring refusal to accept thoroughly scientific “enlightened” criteria, (2) the epistemological implications of the eschatological character of the Christianmessage, and (3) the trinitarian paradigm for Christian theology and the life of faith. (shrink)

In this article I argue against the arbitrariness of the concept of music and for an essentialist and naturalist framework, according to which music is a cross-cultural human phenomenon, defined by relational properties held together by uniform features of human nature. Building on Dickie’s classification of theories of art in natural kind theories and cultural-kind theories, I argue for an enhanced natural-kind theory (which explains the institutional element), and use some developments in social ontology to show the inadequacy of an (...) institutionalist approach to art and music. (shrink)

Trata-se de um breve e parcial recenseamento do paradigma naturalista em desenvolvimentos clássicos e recentes da filosofia fenomenológica. Em um primeiro momento, tentar-se-á estabelecer elementos mínimos acerca do que pode ser considerado um “paradigma filosófico”. Em seguida, será mostrada uma presença improvável e discreta da física enquanto imaginário privilegiado na ontologia fenomenológica de Jean-Paul Sartre. Também será explorada a resistência de Paul Ricoeur ao reducionismo neurobiológico, bem como uma improvável presença de um enquadramento naturalista na base de sua antropologia filosófica. (...) Por fim, serão apresentados indícios, na literatura recente, da possibilidade de uma relação fecunda e amigável entre a fenomenologia hermenêutica de Heidegger e as ciências naturais. Palavras-chave: Fenomenologia. Hermenêutica. Naturalismo. Paradigma. (shrink)

Nietzsche y Educación: conocimiento y cultura en el Estado Moderno Resumen: Este texto busca tejer algunas reflexiones sobre la relación entre la filosofía de Friedrich Nietzsche y el campo educativo, entendiendo sus indagaciones sobre las instituciones educativas modernas y los valores vinculados a este tipo de hombre. Vinculado al proceso de degeneración de la potencia instintiva humana y su animalidad, se estableció un modelo de conocimiento, basado en el ideal metafísico y la creencia incondicional de la verdad. La crítica dirigida (...) al Estado Moderno y su modelo de cultura, que pretendió instituir a filósofos/as y estudiosos/as como guías, considera que es necesario volver a hacer crecer los usos y funciones de estos sujetos en la sociedad, al buscar superar el dilema que los constituye hoy, como empleados y mantenedores del Estado. Pasando por distintas fases de su pensamiento, buscó ser un instrumento más para dotar al ámbito de la Filosofía de la Educación de un vínculo sólido con el filósofo alemán, a través del estudio de las relaciones entre Nietzsche y la Educación. Palabras-Clave: Conocimiento; Cultura; Educación; Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche e Educação: conhecimento e cultura no Estado Moderno Resumo: Este texto busca tecer algumas reflexões acerca da relação entre a filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche e o campo educacional, compreendendo suas indagações acerca das instituições de ensino modernas e os valores vinculados ao este tipo de homem. Atrelado ao processo de degeneração da potência instintiva humana e de sua animalidade ocorreu a fixação de um modelo de conhecimento, fundamentado no ideal metafísico e na crença incondicional da verdade. A crítica dirigida ao Estado Moderno e ao seu modelo de cultura, que pretendeu instituir os filósofos e eruditos enquanto guias, entende que é necessário o resgate dos usos e funções destes sujeitos na sociedade, buscando superar o dilema que os constitui hoje, como funcionários e mantenedores do Estado. Perpassando diferentes fases de seu pensamento buscou-se ser mais um instrumento para fornecer ao âmbito da Filosofia da Educação um vínculo sólido com o filósofo alemão, por meio do estudo das relações entre Nietzsche e a Educação. Palavras-chave: Conhecimento; Cultura; Educação; Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche and Education: knowledge and culture in the Modern State Abstract: This text seeks to do some reflections on the relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy and the educational field, understanding his inquiries about modern educational institutions and the values ​​linked to this type of man. United with the process of degeneration of human instinctual power and its animality, there was the establishment of a model of knowledge, based on the metaphysical ideal and on the unconditional belief of truth. The criticism directed at the Modern State and its model of culture, which intended to establish philosophers and scholars as guides, understands that it is necessary to rescue the uses and functions of these subjects in society, seeking to overcome the dilemma that constitutes them today, as employees and keepers of the state. Passing through different phases of his thought, we sought to be one more instrument to provide the scope of Philosophy of Education with a solid link with the German philosopher, through the study of the relationship between Nietzsche and Education. Keywords: Knowledge; Culture; Education; Friedrich Nietzsche. Data de registro: 10/08/2021 Data de aceite: 19/01/2022. (shrink)

This article aims to present the relevance of the narrative resource in the representation and in the constitution of the selfness. To achieve this goal, a comparative strategy was chosen between an anti-narrative and narrative positions with regard to the powers of narration in apprehending and composing the domain of identifications. In a first moment, a reconstruction of Jean-Paul Sartre's positions on narration will be carried out, based on the phenomenological ontology of Being and nothingness, as well as the considerations (...) about narrative and identity found in the novel Nausea and in the text of War diaries: notebooks from a phony war. The next moment will explore narrative arguments in Alasdair MacIntyre's After virtue, Charles Taylor’s The sources of the self, and especially Paul Ricoeur’s in Time and narrative and Self as another. Finally, in the most strictly comparative moment, it is intended to show certain difficulties of the anti-narrative position, as well as the fruitfulness of the narrative position, with regard to the different way of managing the demand for meaning in the anti-narrative rejection of identity and the acceptance of the challenge of permanent elaboration of the meaning of the narrative position. (shrink)

Trata-se de um estudo comparativo entre as ideias do filósofo Paul Ricoeur (1913 – 2005) e do romancista Milan Kundera (1929-) sobre as experiências do tempo e da memória. Parte-se de uma comparação inicial das ideias de ambos os pensadores acerca dos temas da ipseidade, da História e da experiência do tempo. Em um segundo momento, o pensamento de ambos os autores é colocado em confrontação crítica, em especial no que concerne aos seus respectivos entendimentos sobre a natureza da experiência (...) humana do tempo e os limites da memória. Em seguida, passa-se ao exame das ideias e hipóteses de Kundera sob a luz da hermenêutica filosófica de Ricoeur, com o intento de mostrar que essa é onde essa hermenêutica é mais intensamente desafiada que melhor mostra suas valências filosóficas. Em um último momento, pretende-se mostrar que dessa confrontação crítica resultam interessantes convergências por meio das quais ambos os pensadores oferecem perspectivas similares e complementares para fins do cultivo de uma memória feliz e de uma experiência viva do tempo. (shrink)

Trata-se de traçar uma aproximação comparativa entre dois autores oriundos de campos distintos do saber e da cultura e visualizar a mútua contribuição decorrente dessa aproximação, a saber, entre a filosofia de Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005) e o romance de Milan Kundera (1929-). Na medida em que tanto a filosofia de Ricoeur quanto a prosa ficcional de Kundera refletem sobre a constituição da subjetividade na modernidade, a presente contribuição visa estabelecer paralelos entre suas concepções de subjetividade e suas reflexões sobre os (...) destinos da prática da narração ficcional na virada do século. Tendo isso em vista, pretendo realizar uma interpretação comparativa entre as teses de Ricoeur, especialmente apresentadas em Tempo e narrativa e O si-mesmo como outro e as de Kundera, expostas tanto em seus ensaios quanto apresentadas de forma esparsa em digressões reflexivas que permeiam sua prosa romanesca. Meu intuito será mostrar como se diferenciam de forma discreta mas se sintonizam de forma robusta no que concerne a relação entre a constituição da subjetividade, o papel do romance na existência e a imersão desta em enredos historicamente considerados. (shrink)

“Ex nihilo nihil fit” é uma máxima da metafísica e da teologia medievais que, digamos, tinha como finalidade ajudar na organização do inventário de uma herança cultural cujas bases não eram compatíveis com aquelas do pensamento cristão no qual o universo é Criação de um Criador. A ideia de que “do nada, nada vem” pode ser talvez identificada como a ideia central do novo livro do professor Ronai Rocha, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, intitulado Escola partida: ética e política (...) na sala de aula. (shrink)

In the final pages of Chapter V of Afro-Brazilian Religions Roger Bastide sees, at a given moment in the socio-religious evolution of Brazil, a process of social disorganization which in its extent affects not only blacks but also poor white nationals and stranded immigrants.* As generator of a “ social marginalization,” this process could only be the passage through “a moment of transition” characterized by “the exaggerated speed of change in the country.” According to Bastide, an “organic period” follows: with (...) the “proletarization of the blacks, the assimilation of the immigrants, the general rise in the standard of living of the masses, other phenomena of cultural and social reintegration will appear.” On the religious level the “spiritism of umbanda“ is the expression of this new phase. (shrink)